大型公建节能监管系统

        一、概述
        随着我国(guo)(guo)(guo)经济的(de)(de)高(gao)速发(fa)展，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗，国(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)办(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)(he)(he)大(da)(da)型公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)高(gao)耗能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)问(wen)题日(ri)益(yi)突出。国(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)办(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)(he)(he)大(da)(da)型公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)耗电(dian)(dian)量(liang)约(yue)占(zhan)城(cheng)镇总耗电(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)22%，每平(ping)方米年(nian)(nian)(nian)耗电(dian)(dian)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)普通居民住(zhu)宅的(de)(de)10～20倍，是(shi)(shi)欧洲、日(ri)本等(deng)发(fa)达国(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)同类(lei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)1.5～2倍。北京(jing)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)型公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)每单(dan)(dan)位平(ping)方米年(nian)(nian)(nian)耗电(dian)(dian)量(liang)在50度(du)(du)到(dao)300度(du)(du)之(zhi)间，这个数(shu)字较(jiao)普通建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)高(gao)出3到(dao)5倍。针对(dui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)浪(lang)费现象，国(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)出具了相(xiang)关(guan)文件。2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月住(zhu)房和(he)(he)(he)城(cheng)乡建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)设(she)部下发(fa)《关(guan)于切实加强政府(fu)办(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)大(da)(da)型公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)节能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)理工(gong)作的(de)(de)通知》，要(yao)(yao)求各(ge)地结合本地区(qu)的(de)(de)实际情况，深入推(tui)进(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)单(dan)(dan)位办(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)(he)(he)大(da)(da)型公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗监(jian)测体系建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)设(she)，抓(zhua)紧建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立健(jian)全国(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)单(dan)(dan)位办(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)(he)(he)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)室温监(jian)控及(ji)(ji)空调系统节能(neng)(neng)(neng)运(yun)行(xing)(xing)管(guan)理体系，积(ji)极探索建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)节能(neng)(neng)(neng)运(yun)行(xing)(xing)管(guan)理激励制度(du)(du)。要(yao)(yao)求继续深入做好(hao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)单(dan)(dan)位办(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)(he)(he)大(da)(da)型公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗统计、能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)审计及(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)效公(gong)(gong)(gong)示等(deng)工(gong)作，并在此基础(chu)上选(xuan)择重(zhong)点(dian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)安装用能(neng)(neng)(neng)分项计量(liang)装置，推(tui)进(jin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗监(jian)测平(ping)台建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)设(she)，为既有建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)节能(neng)(neng)(neng)改造，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗定(ding)额和(he)(he)(he)超定(ding)额加价制度(du)(du)奠定(ding)基础(chu)。

        二、推荐方案设计
        1、系统简介
        能耗监测及节能管理系统采用低压电力载波通讯系统，可以方便的深入到大型公共建筑物内各个区域，实现对能源消耗全过程、全参数（能耗、环境参数、灯光状态等）在线监测；系统专用软件对各种监测数据进行统计和分析，并生成各类报表和违规报警；系统还可以根据各监测点监测数据变化情况对能耗设备进行自动控制，是政府单位、大型公共建筑能耗监测、节能运行管理和自动控制的综合解决方案。
         2、系统网(wang)络图：

        该系统主要采用分层分布式计算机网络结构，一般分为三层：站控管理层、网络通讯层和现场设备层。
        3、系统功能特点：
        1）数据采集：对各区域建筑能耗实现实时、定时采集、数据分析、状态监控等。
        2）基本信息：建筑名称、建筑层数、建筑功能、能源经济指标等基础信息显示，通过能耗地图导航、定位监测建筑，导航建筑对应的基本信息、分项能耗、分类能耗、总能耗等展示项构成。
        2）实时监测：按照企业建筑、组织结构、建筑类型实现建筑用能、用水、建筑环境（如温湿度、CO2浓度）的实时监测，并实现对能耗数据日、周、月、年实时查询，能够以能源使用的全生命周期为对象，实时掌握能源使用中产生的信息。
        3）数据统计：可按照分类、分项实现用能的日、周、月、年统计，并能以多种图表格式显示；可以按照建筑、部门等层次结构进行统计，并能够根据用户输入的起始时间和终止时间进行任意时间段的用能统计。
        4）能耗查询：实现对建筑能耗数据基本信息、能耗动态值、能耗历史值等的查询，包括：区域属性查询、组织机构属性查询、建筑物属性查询；建筑物及用能系统能流图查询可以实时查看水、电、蒸汽管网的运行状态，并计算运行损耗；数据查询提供对建筑物模型、供水区域模型、蒸汽管网模型、空调模型、供电模型的各计量项、能耗计量表计的参数项的查询功能，可实现同类与不同类建筑物的对比查询，不同用能系统的计量项之间的比较查询，自由组合与选择的查询功能为能耗监管平台的管理带来便利性。
        5）数据分析：实现建筑、部门用能趋势分析和用能指标分析，通过实时监测用能数据，对建筑用能进行用能异常分析和线路负荷分析；可实现对设备故障进行故障分析；可以按照区域、分类、分项统计总能耗、单位面积能耗、用电能耗、用水能耗、用热能耗等对周期（日、周、月、年）能耗进行统计分析。
        6）能耗报：能够实现对建筑能耗采集设备运行状况、数据质量、用能异常情况的实时报警与处理。
        7）系统管理：系统管理模块实现软件系统功能的相关管理和配置，包括能耗参数、系统管理、算法配置的各项参数的配置修改，以及用户、用户组权限信息的修改。
        8）定额管理:建筑能耗定额管理：结合建设部、本地区的能耗、用水定额标准和实际能耗统计结果，提出合理的建筑能耗水平，制定建筑能耗定额及管理制度，建立企业建筑及用能设施分类能耗统计和分项能耗统计制度。并结合多种统计图表进行能耗公示。
        9）能耗公示：可对建筑用能指标进行定期公示，公示载体为固定网站和企业的新闻媒体等，让企业用能行为接受企业职工、以及全社会监督，从而提高节约意识，强化监督管理。
        10）数据(ju)报(bao)表：能(neng)自动生(sheng)成(cheng)各类日(ri)、月(yue)、年报(bao)表，报(bao)表应以(yi)横向(xiang)显(xian)示(shi)项目(mu)（如：水(shui)位(wei)、流量(liang)等），纵向(xiang)显(xian)示(shi)时间周(zhou)期内(nei)统计数据(ju)的(de)二维表方式为主（日(ri)报(bao)以(yi)24小时为单(dan)位(wei)、月(yue)报(bao)以(yi)31天为单(dan)位(wei)等）。并且提供横向(xiang)显(xian)示(shi)项目(mu)的(de)灵活定制功能(neng)，根据(ju)不同显(xian)示(shi)项目(mu)生(sheng)成(cheng)多种报(bao)表组合(he)方式，饼图(tu)、柱状(zhuang)图(tu)、折线(xian)图(tu)可以(yi)任意选择。